Understanding THC, CBD, and Terpenes
An introduction to three commonly discussed components of cannabis and what researchers do—and do not—know about them.
Cannabis contains many naturally occurring chemical compounds. Two of the best-known are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is the principal compound responsible for the intoxicating “high” associated with cannabis. CBD does not produce the same intoxicating effects, although it can still affect the body and interact with medications.
Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in cannabis and many other plants. They help explain why one product may smell citrusy, earthy, pine-like, or floral. A product’s terpene profile describes which of these compounds were detected and in what amounts. Terpene profiles alone, however, cannot reliably predict a particular medical benefit or personal experience.
The effects of cannabis products depend on many factors: THC concentration, CBD content, product type, amount consumed, route of use, individual sensitivity, and whether other substances are involved. Edible products, for example, may take longer to produce noticeable effects than inhaled products, which can lead to accidental overconsumption.
Consumers should read product labels carefully and avoid assuming that “natural” means risk-free. Cannabis can impair attention and coordination, and CBD may interact with prescription medicines. Anyone considering cannabis for a health concern should discuss potential risks and alternatives with a qualified healthcare professional.